Vocabulary Exercises
The following samples are native Tatari Faran sentences taken from an exercise in which one or more sentences are made using each entry in the Tatari Faran lexicon.
Orthography |
| Morpheme breakdown |
| Gloss |
English translation |
aba
juerat tse ka beira aba!
juerat look tse 2SG ka ORG:M beira stone aba under Look under the stone!
ai'ai
bata' ka kira diru nei firasa sei esan, hena ka pojei diru nei ai'ai.
bata' chief ka ORG:M kira give diru girl nei RCP:F firasa flower sei CVY:FEM esan, FIN hena and ka ORG:M pojei persuade diru girl nei RCP:F ai'ai FIN The chief gave the girl flowers, and persuaded her.
aipam
simanin do hamra tsaritas ko aram, hena so aipam tsaritas ko inui.
simani wolf no RCP:N hamra see tsaritas monkey ko ORG:N aram, FIN hena and so CVY:N aipam chase tsaritas monkey ko ORG:N inui FIN The wolf saw the monkey, and pursued after it.
aisu
teke ka hutakas keika'inan da aisu.
teke Teke ka ORG:M hutakas smite keika'ina wild_wolf na RCP:M aisu FIN Teke smote the wild wolf.
aka
diru sei misanan aka.
diru girl sei CVY:F misana-n village-GEN aka from The girl is from the village.
akai
bata' ka tsana baran iti e, jiranan akai! e'aniin.
bata' chief ka ORG:M tsana say baran morning iti when e, QUOT jiranan fog akai disperse(FIN) e'aniin END_QUOT In the morning, the chief said,
the fog has cleared!
akaisu
kiran na hutakas san barat ka aisu, hena ka akaisu kora.
kiran young_man na RCP:M hutakas smite san man barat heavy ka ORG:M aisu, FIN hena and ka ORG:M akaisu bleed kora FIN The young man was smitten by the hefty man, and bled profusely.
akan
huu ka araf e, tsi'an tse! eraa. kiran sa hena ekas huu na akan.
huu 1SG ka ORG:M araf shout e QUOT tsi'an dweller tse VOC eraa END_QUOTE kiran young_man sa CVY:M hena and ekas emerge huu 1SG na RCP:M akan FIN I shouted,
anybody home?
And the young man came out to me.aku'
huu ka patam kin ara keika'inan da aku'.
huu 1SG ka ORG:M patam hit_on_head kin stick ara with keika'ina wild_wolf na RCP:M aku' FIN I struck the wild wolf on the head with a stick.
beira so peta' buara ka pii, hena so patam huu na aku'.
beira stone so CVY:N peta' spew buara volcano ka ORG:M pii FIN hena and so CVY:N patam hit_on_head huu 1SG na RCP:M aku' FIN The rock spewed out of the volcano, and struck me on the head.
am
mubun murimuun isi, huu ka isi huuja'a am.
mubun night murimuun FIN isi because huu 1SG ka ORG:M isi CNSQ huuja'a yawn am FIN Night fell, and I yawned.
Note: the odd position of isi in the first clause is a device used to indicate that the fixed phrase mubun murimuun is not a consequent clause. In the normal constructions of isi, the clause with the finalizer is the consequent, and everything else is antecedent. But in the idiomatic noun+finalizer constructions the finalizer is always present, so the antecedent is instead marked by overtly breaking the rule that finalizers are always clause-final.
amaa
diru nei hamra jibin amaan ko aram.
diru girl nei RCP:F hamra see jibin child amaa-n mother-GEN ko ORG.N aram FIN The girl sees the mother's child.
anan
kiran sa tapa itsan no anan, henan da hamra tsaritas ko aram.
kiran young_man sa CVY.M tapa walk itsan cinder_cone no RCP.N anan, FIN hena and na CVY.M hamra see tsaritas monkey ko ORG.M aram. FIN The young man climbed to the top of the cinder cone, and saw the monkey.
aniin
diru kei tsana huu na e, bata' na ta kutakaranim ka hamra? e'aniin.
diru girl kei ORG.F tsana speak huu 1SG na RCP.M e, QUOT bata' chief na RCP.M ta Q kutakaranim Kutakaranim ka ORG.M hamra? see e-aniin. END_QUOT-FIN The girl said to me,
Was it the chief who saw the Kutakaranim?
bata' sa tapa buta' nei bata, hena ka tsana kiran na aniin.
bata' chief sa CVY.M tapa walk buta' hut nei RCP.F bata, FIN hena and ka ORG.M tsana speak kiran young_man na RCP.M aniin. FIN The chief walked to the house, and spoke to the young man.
ara
san muras ka habas kas ara kuen na saa.
san man muras grey ka ORG.M habas ignite kas torch ara with kuen tree na RCP.M saa. FIN The lava artist ignited the tree with a burning torch.
Note: san muras means
grey person
orgrey people
. They are so-called because their lava art requires continual visits to erupting volcanic sites, resulting in them being constantly covered with grey ash and dust.araf
simani ko araf panikan nei atan.
simani wolf ko ORG.M araf howl panikan night_sky nei RCP.F atan. FIN The wolf howled at the night sky.
aram
huu na hamra bata' ka aram, tara' ka ena tsana kiran na aniin.
huu 1SG na RCP.M hamra see bata' chief ka ORG.M aram, FIN tara' 3SG ka ORG.M ena REL.OBJ tsana speak kiran young_man na RCP.N aniin. FIN I saw the chief talking to the young man.
arum
buara ka tahan bufat, hena ka mumpai arum.
buara volcano ka ORG.M tahan erupt bufat, FIN hena and ka ORG.M mumpai rumble arum. FIN The volcano erupted and rumbled.
asai
beira fei sa karat asai.
beira stone fei DIST sa CVY.M karat red asai. FIN That stone is red.
asu
diru kei tsana e, suka huu nei, e'aniin. hena sei pamra asu.
diru girl kei ORG.F tsana speak e, QUOT suka follow huu 1SG nei, RCP.F e'aniin. END_QUOT hena and sei CVY.F pamra run asu. smoothly(FIN) The girl said, follow me! and ran.
Note: this context requires pamra asu rather than pamra itan, as the latter would imply she was frightened or tripping over.
asuen
kiran ka tsana huu na e, tara' sa asuen huun, e'aniin.
kiran young_man ka ORG.M tsana speak huu 1SG na RCP.M e, QUOT tara' 3SG sa CVY.M asuen younger_brother huu-n, 1SG-GEN e'aniin. END_QUOT The young man said to me, that is my younger brother.
asusu
huu ka tsana asuen na e, suka tse sa huu na asusu nei! e'aniin.
huu 1SG ka ORG.M tsana speak asuen younger_brother na RCP.M e, QUOT suka follow tse 2SG sa CVY.M huu 1SG na RCP.M asusu river nei! RCP.F e'aniin. END_QUOT I said to the younger brother, follow me to the river!
ata
huu na hamra tsaritas ko aram, tara' so tsuni kuen ata ira.
huu 1SG na RCP.M hamra see tsaritas monkey ko ORG.N aram, FIN tara' 3SG so CVY.N ena REL.OBJ tsuni find kuen tree ata on ira. FIN I saw the monkey which is on top of the tree.
atam
bunari nei isi hamra be beira ko, isei paritam atam.
bunari woman nei RCP.F isi because hamra see be not beira rock ko, ORG.N isi CNSQ ei and paritam stumble atam. FIN The woman did not see the rock, and so tripped over.
atan
jibin ko suran atan.
jibin child ko ORG.N suran weep atan. FIN The child wept.
atsam
buara ka karo'a sinasei atsam.
buara volcano ka ORG.M karo'a erupt sinasu lava sei CVY.F atsam. FIN The volcano erupted pahoehoe lava.
atu'
kiran na dutan diru kei inin, tara' kei ena tsana aniin, hena ka kuka' haas atu'.
kiran young_man na RCP.M dutan hear diru girl kei ORG.F inin, FIN tara' 3SG kei ORG.F ena REL.OBJ tsana speak aniin, FIN hena and ka ORG.M kuka' cough haas loudly atu'. FIN The young man heard the girl talking, and coughed loudly.
baan
baan sei kuru nuri.
baan old_woman sei CVY.F kuru hungry nuri. FIN The old woman is hungry.
baasa
beira sa baasa tura, tara' sa eta tahan buara ka bufat.
beira rock sa CVY.M baasa big tura, FIN tara' 3SG sa CVY.M eta REL.SBJ tahan erupt buara volcano ka ORG.M bufat. FIN The rock erupted from the volcano is big.
baba
tsi'ai tse ko baba na amaa ni'ei jinai.
tsi'ai love(V) tse 2SG ko ORG.N baba father na RCP.M amaa mother nei RCP.F ei and jinai. FIN Love your father and mother.
baran
tapa bata' na baran iti, hena tsana tara' na e, diru kei tsana nara e'aniin.
tapa walk bata' chief na CVY.M baran morning iti, when hena and tsana speak tara' 3SG na RCP.M e, QUOT diru girl kei ORG.F tsana speak nara PAST e'aniin. FIN Go to the chief in the morning, and tell him that the girl has spoken.
baran hara
urum isi tse sei muini, mubun isi murimuun. faan so tapa baran hara huara nei bata.
urum sleep isi CNSQ tse 2SG sei CVY:F muini, FIN mubun night isi because murimuun. FIN faan 1PL.INCL so CVY.N tapa walk baran morning hara tomorrow huara lake nei RCP.F bata. FIN Go to sleep now; it is night. Tomorrow we shall go to the Lake.
baran saan
saba isi tse sei iim, baran isi saan. faan so tapa baran kana huara nei bata.
saba rise isi CNSQ tse 2SG sei CVY.F iim, FIN baran morning isi because saan. FIN faan 1PL.INCL so CVY.N tapa walk baran morning kana now huara lake nei RCP.F bata. FIN Wake up; it is morning. This morning we go to the Lake.
baranui
juerat baranui isi, hirana kei isi tuharas kana fai.
juerat look baranui east isi, CNSQ hirana stratovolcano kei ORG.M isi because tuharas erupt kana now fai. FIN Look to east, for the stratovolcano now erupts violently.
barat
bata' tara' sa barat ukan.
bata' chief tara' 3SG sa CVY.M barat big_hefty ukan. FIN That chief is big and hefty.
bata
tara' sa tapa huu na bata.
tara' 3SG sa CVY.M tapa walk huu 1SG na RCP.M bata. FIN He walked to me.
bata'
san tara' sa sii? tara' sa ta bata'?
san person tara' 3SG sa CVY.M sii? what tara' 3SG sa CVY:M ta Q bata'? chief Who is that person? Is he the chief?
tara' sa bata' ta?
tara' 3SG sa CVY:M bata' chief ta? Q Is he a chief?
The difference in emphasis between the first question and the second is that in the former, bata' is assumed to be already known (e. g. the speaker has been looking for the chief), and so asks
is he the chief we're looking for?
; whereas in the latter, the focus is onhe
: is he a chief of some sort?be
tara' sa bata' be.
tara' 3SG sa CVY.M bata' chief be. not He is not the chief.
bei-
tara' sei jui'in beikakat.
tara' 3SG sei CVY:F jui'in pretty bei-kakat. not-FIN She is absolutely not pretty!
The negated finalizer here carries extra force, compared to the more usual method of using be for the negation and omitting the finalizer:
tara' sei jui'in be.
tara' 3SG sei CVY:F jui'in pretty be. not She is not pretty.
beira
tampa beka beira so.
tampa throw beka must_not beira stone so. CVY:N (You) must not throw rocks!
beka
tsana beka tara' nei tse ka.
tsana speak beka must_not tara' 3SG nei RCP.F tse 2SG ka. ORG.M You must not speak to her.
binap
hejibin ko tsaijin binap so su'.
he-jibin PL-child ko ORG.N tsaijin play binap mud so CVY.N su'. FIN The children are playing with mud.
binasu
baan nei hamra nara hebinasu sei hekarinaras si'ei aram.
baan old_woman nei RCP.F hamra see nara PAST he-binasu PL-mudflow sei CVY.F he-karinaras PL-pyroclastic_flow sei CVY.F ei and aram. FIN The old woman saw many mudflows and many pyroclastic flows.
binasu humpa
pamra tsat! binasu humpa!
pamra run tsat! fast binasu mudflow humpa! surge(FIN) Run fast! A mudflow is coming!
biraf
fuan huun nei hamra tsaritas ko aram, tara' ko ena hebiraf akun.
fuan wife huu-n 1SG-GEN nei RCP.F hamra see tsaritas monkey ko ORG.N aram, FIN tara' 3SG ko ORG.N ena REL.OBJ he-biraf PL-leaf akun. behind My wife saw the monkey which is behind the leaves.
fuan huun nei hamra tsaritas ka hebiraf akun aram.
fuan wife huu-n 1SG-GEN nei RCP.F hamra see tsaritas monkey ka ORG.M he-biraf PL-leaf akun behind aram. FIN My wife saw the monkey behind the leaves (i. e., she was also behind the leaves where the monkey was).
birap
fuan kei tsana e, tapa kana, ka'am ha birap na tsa.
fuan wife kei ORG.F tsana speak e, QUOT tapa walk kana, now ka'am eat ha start birap food na RCP.M tsa. FIN My wife said, come, eat the food!
biri
biri hausis sei jui'in kakat.
biri feather hausi-s water_creature-PART sei CVY.F jui'in beautiful kakat. FIN The waterfowl's feathers are beautiful.
bua'
tara' kei tukai usu sei bua'.
tara' 3SG kei ORG.F tukai pour usu water sei CVY.F bua'. FIN She poured away the water.
buanas
san buanas so tsuni misanan ipai ira.
san person buanas five_hundred so CVY.N tsuni find misanan village ipai at ira. FIN Five hundred people are found in the village.
misanan ipai tsuni san buanas so ira.
misanan village ipai at tsuni find san person buanas five_hundred so CVY.N ira. FIN There are 500 people in the village.
Note the difference in emphasis between the above two statements. The former has san buanas so as the subject, and so implies that this is some particular group of 500 people that we're talking about, and that they have been found in the village. In the latter, the village is the subject, and so implies that within the village, one may find 500 people.
buara
tapa be tun buaras no. buara fei ka tuharas era fai.
tapa walk be not tun slope buara-s volcano-PART no. RCP.N buara volcano fei DIST ka ORG.M tuharas erupt_violently era may fai. FIN Do not walk to the flanks of the volcano. That volcano may erupt violently.
buaranui
faan so tapa baran hara buaranui bata.
faan 1PL.INCL so CVY.N tapa walk baran morning hara tomorrow buaranui towards_volcano bata. FIN Tomorrow morning we shall journey to the north/south.
Whether buaranui refers to north or south depends on whether one lives in southern Fara or northern Fara, respectively.
bue'a
jamba nei bue'a tsukis sa muun.
jamba snake nei RCP.F bue'a swallow tsukis mouse sa CVY.M muun. FIN The snake swallowed the mouse.
hausi nei bue'a usu sei asusu kei kuun.
hausi waterfowl nei RCP.F bue'a drink usu water sei CVY.F asusu river kei ORG:F kuun. FIN The waterfowl drank water from the river.
bufat
bubua ko bua bufat.
bubua boiling_mud_pool ko ORG.N bua boil bufat. billowing(FIN) The boiling mudpool boils billowingly.
bumei
huu sa bumei uen tsira nei utu'.
huu 1SG sa CVY.M bumei sit uen want_to tsira grass nei RCP:F utu'. FIN I want to sit on the grass.
huu sa bumei ina tsira no utu'.
huu 1SG sa CVY.M bumei sit ina wish tsira grass no RCP:F utu'. FIN I wish to sit on the grass.
bumei ina huu sa tsira no utu'.
bumei sit ina wish huu 1SG sa CVY.M tsira grass no RCP:F utu'. FIN Please I would like to sit on the grass.
bunai
jibin no niba' bunai sa tsum.
jibin child no RCP.N niba' kiss bunai thumb sa CVY.M tsum. FIN The child sucks its thumb.
bunari
bunari pikas sei tsuni buta' ipai ira.
bunari women pikas five sei CVY.F tsuni find buta' hut ipai at ira. FIN The 5 women are found in the house.
buta' ipai tsuni bunari pikas sei ira.
buta' hut ipai at tsuni find bunari women pikas five sei CVY.F ira. FIN There are 5 women in the house.
bunas
san bunas so ekas mubun kei akan.
san person bunas two so CVY.N ekas emerge mubun night kei ORG.F akan. FIN Two people emerged from the (darkness of) night.
buneis
buneis sei sarap miin.
buneis giant_mushroom sei CVY:F sarap delicious miin. FIN Giant mushrooms are delicious.
bura
bura sa kuka' buara ka, hena sa paritam tun buaras no, hena ka punpa beira sa kara.
bura large_rock sa CVY.M kuka' eject buara volcano ka, ORG.M hena and sa CVY.M paritam fall tun slope buara-s volcano-PART no, RCP.N hena and ka ORG.M punpa pulverize beira rock sa CVY.M kara. FIN The bomb was ejected from the volcano, and fell on its flanks, and smashed the rocks to pieces.
The omission of the finalizers in the first two clauses adds to the impact of the last clause. Finalizers are optional in multi-clause indicative sentences.
busan
bata' sa isi busan; san kuru ko isi tsinai be bata' na bei'aman.
bata' chief sa CVY.M isi because busan; well-fed san person kuru hungry ko ORG.N isi CNSQ tsinai like be not bata' chief na RCP bei-aman. not-FIN. The chief is well-fed, so the beggars do not like him.
busanan
busanan da bue'a ein birap sa muun.
busanan fat_man na RCP.M bue'a eat ein like_to birap food sa RCP.M muun. FIN The fat man likes to eat food.
busanaran
fuan busanaran sei jini dam.
fuan wife busanan-an fat_man-GEN sei CVY.F jini tall_and_thin dam. FIN The wife of the fat man is tall and thin.
busu
amaa kei tsana jibin no e, bue'a busu sei kuun. kuun, kuun! aniin.
amaa mother kei ORG.F tsana speak jibin child no RCP.N e, QUOT bue'a drink busu milk sei CVY.F kuun. FIN kuun, FIN kuun! FIN aniin. END_QUOT The mother said to the child,
drink the milk; drink, drink!
buta'
tsen ta tara'an ta buta' sei?
tse-n 2SG-GEN ta Q tara'-an 3SG-GEN ta Q buta' hut sei? CVY.F Is the hut yours or his?
buun
bunari kei tukai usu sei buun nei miin.
bunari woman kei ORG.F tukai POUR usu water sei CVY.F buun cauldron nei RCP.F miin. fill(FIN) The woman fills up the cauldron with water.
da
simanin da fahun huu ka uen, hena sa tapa huu na bata.
simani wolf na RCP.M fahun smell huu 1SG ka ORG.M uen, FIN hena and sa CVY.M tapa walk huu 1SG na RCP.M bata. FIN The wolf smelled me, and came up to me.
daa
kiran ka araf huu na daa.
kiran young_man ka ORG.M araf shout huu 1SG na CVY.M daa. FIN The young man called out to me.
dafan
buta' tara' sei muras dafan.
buta' hut tara' 3SG sei CVY.F muras grey dafan. FIN That house is grey.
dam
ina' bata'an sei jini dam.
ina' younger_sister bata'-an chief-GEN sei CVY.F jini tall_and_thin dam. FIN The chief's younger sister is tall and thin.
darai
keika'ina ka peka' tiki sei, henan da kure' fasa so kurat eke darai.
keika'ina wild_wolf ka ORG.M peka' kill tiki rabbit sei, CVY.F hena and na RCP.M kure' drag fasa carcass so CVY.N kurat ground eke along darai. FIN The feral wolf killed a rabbit, and dragged the carcass along the ground.
daran
bata' na kuni mana ko iti', hena ka tsana manan do daran.
bata' chief na RCP.M kuni listen mana 1PL.EXCL ko ORG.N iti', FIN hena and ka ORG.M tsana speak mana 1PL.EXCL no RCP.N daran. long(FIN) We listened to the chief, and he spoke to us at length.
daranas
san daranas so tsuni tan'at ipai ira.
san person daranas 625 so CVY.N tsuni find tan'at assembly ipai at ira. FIN There were 625 people present at the assembly.
(Lit., 625 people were found at the assembly.)dei
huu ka tsi'ai kuanan dei jinai.
huu 1SG ka ORG.M tsi'ai love kuana family nei RCP.F jinai. FIN I love [my] family.
di'a
huu na hamra san di'a so tun buaras ipai aram.
huu 1SG na RCP.M hamra see san person di'a few so CVY.N tun flank buara-s volcano-PART ipai at aram. FIN I see a few people on the flanks of the volcano.
di'as
bunari kei somata jibin di'as so ubun.
bunari woman kei ORG.F somata give_birth jibin child di'as three so CVY.N ubun. FIN The woman has three children.
(Lit., the woman gave birth to 3 children.)dibikas
bata' tara' na kuini simani dibikas so dakat.
bata' chief tara' 3SG na RCP.M kuini belong simani wolf dibikas fifteen so CVY.N dakat. FIN That chief owns fifteen wolves.
di'in
jibin so kinap di'in, tara' so eta araf atan.
jibin child so CVY.N kinap quiet_down di'in, FIN tara' 3SG so CVY.N eta REL.SBJ araf wail atan. FIN The crying child quietened down.
diin
samat diin sa tapa nara misanan kei bata.
samat man diin 3PL sa CVY.M tapa walk nara PAST misanan village kei ORG.F bata. FIN Those men came from the village.
diru
sia kei diru sei somata?
sia who kei ORG.F diru girl sei CVY.F somata? give_birth Whose (daughter) is that girl?
(Lit., who gave birth to that girl?)do
simanin do hamra huu ka aram.
simani wolf no RCP.N hamra see huu 1SG ka ORG.M aram. FIN The wolf saw me.
dui
buara sa isi kinap; mana so isi dui baran hara parat na anan.
buara volcano sa CVY.M isi because kinap; FIN mana 1PL.INCL so CVY.N isi CNSQ dui advance baran morning hara tomorrow parat crater na CVY.M anan. FIN The volcano (has) quietened down; we shall advance up to its crater tomorrow (morning).
simanin do hamra tiki kei, hena so dui tiki nei inui.
simani wolf no RCP.N hamra see tiki rabbit kei, ORG.F hena and so CVY.N dui advance tiki rabbit nei RCP.F inui. FIN The wolf saw the rabbit, and crept towards the rabbit.
dukun
dukun sa san tara' na kuini ta?
dukun servant sa CVY.M san person tara' 3SG na RCP.M kuini belong ta? Q Is that servant that man's?
(Lit. is that servant owned by that man?)dunan
tukaan pasanaran fei sa funum mubun nara dunan.
tukaan old_man pasanan-an town-GEN fei DIST sa CVY.M funum die mubun night nara yesterday dunan. FIN The old man from that town passed away yesterday (last night).
duru
ina' huun sei duru darai.
ina' younger_sister huu-n 1SG-GEN sei CVY.F duru slow darai. FIN My younger sister is slow.
tapa tsat tse duru sa.
tapa walk tsat fast tse 2SG duru slow sa. CVY.M Walk quickly, you slow-poke!
dusu
hamra era san tara' ka tse na, tara' na suka era dusu.
hamra see era if san person tara' 3SG ka ORG.M tse 2SG na, RCP.M tara' 3SG na RCP.M suka follow era would dusu. FIN If you saw that man, you would follow him.
dutan
tse na haara sa dutan ta?
tse 2SG na RCP.M haara loud_noise sa CVY.M dutan hear ta? Q Did you hear that loud noise?
duum
piana' beisi sita' nei, tara' sei isi duum imim.
piana' disturb be-isi not-CNSQ sita' older_sister nei, RCP.F tara' 3SG sei CVY.F isi because duum sleep imim. FIN Do not disturb [your] older sister, because she is sleeping.
e
teira ka tsana huu na e, ina' kei hamra ta? e'aniin.
teira older_brother ka ORG.M tsana speak huu 1SG na RCP.M e, QUOT ina' younger_sister kei ORG.F hamra see ta? Q e'aniin. END_QUOT [My] older brother said to me, did [anyone] see [our] younger sister?
e'aniin
huu ka dana e, huu na hamra aram, e'aniin.
huu 1SG ka ORG.M dana reply e, QUOT huu 1SG na RCP.M hamra see aram, FIN e'aniin. END_QUOT I replied, I saw [her].
ebe
jukasu sa ekas hora ebe akan.
jukasu lava sa CVY.M ekas emerge hora tunnel ebe from akan. FIN Lava emerged from the tunnel.
Note: ebe here implies that this is a continuous emergence of a flow, not just a one-time exit of an object from the cave.
ei
tapa iti huu sa pasanan da bata, huu na hamra san muras ko san busan ko ei aram.
tapa walk iti when huu 1SG sa CVY.M pasanan town na RCP.M bata, FIN huu 1SG na RCP.M hamra see san person muras grey ko ORG.N san person busan fat ko ORG.N ei and aram. FIN When I went to the town, I saw lava artists and fat people.
hesan kuru ko ei hamra aram.
he-san PL-person kuru hungry ko ORG.N ei and hamra see aram. FIN [I] also saw many beggars.
eina
huu ka surat einan dei tarian.
huu 1SG ka ORG.M surat seek eina peace nei RCP.F tarian. FIN I seek peace.
eina jain
huu ka tsana san nurai nei e, eina jain. aniin.
huu 1SG ka ORG.M tsana speak san person nurai sick nei RCP.F e, QUOT eina peace jain. well(FIN) aniin. END_QUOT I said to the sickly woman,
I hope it will be well with you
.eka
tapa eka huu ka.
tapa walk eka must huu 1SG ka. ORG.M Get away from me!
tsana eka bata' na.
tsana speak eka must bata' chief na. RCP.M [You] must speak to the chief!
ekas
asuen tse. ekas huu na.
asuen younger_brother tse. VOC ekas come_out huu 1SG na. RCP.M Younger brother! Come out to me.
eke
teke sa pamra fara eke asu.
teke Teke sa CVY.M pamra run fara Fara eke across asu. FIN Teke ran across the Fara.
era
hamra era tse nei kiran tara' ka, tsana kana huu na aniin.
hamra see era if tse 2SG nei RCP.F kiran young_man tara' 3SG ka, ORG.M tsana speak kana now huu 1SG na RCP.F aniin. FIN If you see that young man, tell me immediately.
eraa
ina' kei araf asuen na e, kira kana tuitui fei sa huu nei. fei sa huun, eraa.
ina' younger_sister kei ORG.F araf shout asuen younger_brother na RCP.M e, QUOT kira give kana now tuitui top fei DIST sa CVY.M huu 1SG nei. RCP.F fei DIST sa CVY.M huu-n, 1SG-GEN eraa. END_QUOT The younger sister shouted to the younger brother,
Give me that top immediately! It's mine!
Note: “top” here refers to the wooden toy, not to the clothing.
esan
asuen ka hena kira tuitui sa ina' nei esan, hena ka suran atan.
asuen younger_brother ka ORG.M hena and kira give tuitui top sa CVY.M ina' younger_sister nei RCP.F esan, FIN hena and ka ORG.M suran weep atan. FIN The younger brother gave the top to the younger sister, and wept.
faan
tapa ina faan so pasanan da bata.
tapa walk ina wish faan 1PL.INCL so CVY.N pasanan town na RCP.M bata. FIN Let us all go to the town.
fahun
huu na fahun punareis so uen.
huu 1SG na RCP.M fahun smell punareis bad_smell so CVY.N uen. FIN I smell something unpleasant.
fai
hirana kei hena tuharas fai. teke ka hena tsana fuan nei e, huu ka isi tujui huna so tun hiranas aka tu'u', e'aniin.
hirana stratovolcano kei ORG.F hena and tuharas erupt_violently fai. FIN teke Teke ka ORG.M hena and tsana speak fuan wife nei RCP.F e, QUOT huu 1SG ka ORG.M isi CNSQ tujui urge_on huna 2PL so CVY.N tun flank hirana-s stratovolcano-GEN aka away tu'u', FIN e'aniin. END_QUOT And the stratovolcano erupted violently. And Teke said to (his) wife,
Therefore [or, that's why] I urged all of you on, away from the flanks of the stratovolcano.
Note the use of a finalizer isi here to indicate a consequent without an antecedent, as a way of saying
therefore
orthat's why
.fainan
san tara' sei fainan. tara' kei kira birap sa huu na esan, huu sa ena san kuru nara.
san person tara' 3SG sei CVY.F fainan. good_person tara' 3SG kei ORG.F kira give birap food sa CVY.M huu 1SG na RCP.M esan, FIN huu 1SG sa CVY.M ena REL.OBJ san person kuru hungry nara. yesterday That woman is a good person. She gave me food when I was a beggar.
fainan tse
mubun nara iti kira san tara' kei birap sa huu na esan. huu ka hena tsana tara' nei e, fainan tse, aniin.
mubun night nara yesterday iti when kira give san person tara' 3SG kei ORG.F birap food sa CVY.M huu 1SG na RCP.M esan. FIN huu 1SG ka ORG.M hena and tsana speak tara' 3SG nei RCP.F e, QUOT fainan good_person tse, VOC aniin. FIN During that time, that woman gave me food, and I said to her, “thank you.”
Note the use of mubun nara (last night) to mean
in the past
.fanra
hirana kei fanra tunpa. teke ka hena tsana kuanan dei e, tapa ina faan so fara no ta'an. e'aniin.
hirana stratovolcano kei ORG.F fanra jittering_earthquake tunpa. FIN teke Teke ka ORG.M hena and tsana speak kuana family nei RCP.F e, QUOT tapa walk ina please faan 1PL.INCL so CVY.N fara Fara no RCP.N ta'an. down(FIN) e'aniin. END_QUOT The stratovolcano emitted a jittery earthquake. And Teke said to (his) family,
Let us please go down to the Plain.
fara
teke sa kuana so ei tapa fara no ta'an.
teke Teke sa CVY.M kuana family so CVY.N ei and tapa walk fara Fara no RCP.N ta'an. down(FIN) Teke and (his) family went down to the Fara.
fasa
sii ipai fasa so? huu sa kuru nuri.
sii what ipai at fasa meat so? CVY.N huu 1SG sa CVY.M kuru hungry nuri. FIN Where is the meat? I am hungry.
fei
fuan kei tsana e, fei sa sii? aniin.
fuan wife kei ORG.F tsana speak e, QUOT fei DIST sa CVY.M sii? what aniin. END_QUOT The wife said, What is that?
jaan ka dana e, fei sa pireis kiki, e'aniin.
jaan husband ka ORG.M dana reply e, QUOT fei DIST sa CVY.M pireis chanterelle sarap delicious kiki, FIN e'aniin. END_QUOT The husband replied,
That is a delicious chanterelle.
fifi
tapa ina faan so keisa ififin nei.
tapa walk ina please faan 1PL.INCL so CVY.N keisa field i-fifi-n COMP-geyser-COMP nei. RCP.F Let's go to the geyser field.
fii
fii ka juerat fara no itu, henan da hamra hirana ko aram, fei ko ena tuharas fai.
fii heavens ka ORG.M juerat look fara Fara no RCP.N itu, FIN hena and na RCP.M hamra see hirana stratovolcano ko ORG.N aram, FIN fei DIST ko ORG.N ena REL.OBJ tuharas erupt fai. FIN The heavens looked upon the Fara, and saw the stratovolcano erupting.
Note: fii is archaic, so it would only be used when a poetic tone is intended, as here.
fiiranas
mubun nara iti tiri huu ka fiiranas panitis sa kiri.
mubun night nara yesterday iti when tiri count huu 1SG ka ORG.M fiiranas 3125 panis-is star-PART sa CVY.M kiri. FIN Last night I counted 3125 of the stars.
Note that the number 3125 is a nice, round number in Tatari Faran's base-5 counting. It is used here in an approximate sense and does not mean the exact number. There's also a poetic correspondence between the stars and the archaic root fii-, which refers to the heavens.
firasa
firasa keisan sei iranas muin.
firasa flower keisa-n field-GEN sei CVY.F iranas fragrant muin. FIN The flowers of the field are fragrant.
firat
huara sei firat baran kana fai.
huara lake sei CVY.F firat sky_blue baran morning kana now fai. FIN The Lake is a heavenly blue this morning.
fuan
huu ka tsi'ai fuan nei jinai.
huu 1SG ka ORG.M tsi'ai love fuan wife nei RCP.F jinai. FIN I love [my] wife.
funum
kiran ka isi suran atan, baan sei isi funum.
kiran young_man ka ORG.M isi CNSQ suran weep atan, FIN baan grandmother sei CVY.F isi because funum. die The young man wept, for [his] grandmother died.
fusitas
kuen na jamas jukasu sa humpa, hena sa fusitas sohaa.
kuen tree na RCP.M jamas flood jukasu lava sa CVY.M humpa, FIN hena and sa CVY.M fusitas burn sohaa. FIN The tree was flooded over with lava, and was incinerated.
haara
bata' na dutan haara sa inin, hena ka tsana e, sia sa fei ipai? e'aniin.
bata' chief na RCP.M dutan hear haara loud_noise sa CVY.M inin, FIN hena and ka ORG.M tsana speak e, QUOT sia who sa CVY.M fei DIST ipai? at e'aniin. END_QUOT The chief heard a loud noise, and said, “Who is over there?”
haas
simani ko boha haas au'au.
simani wolf ko ORG.N boha bark haas loudly au'au. FIN The wolf barked loudly.
haba
tapa be sinasu fei ata. fei sei haba sisa'.
tapa walk be not sinasu lava fei DIST ata. on fei DIST sei CVY.F haba searing sisa'. FIN Do not walk on that lava. It is searing hot.
Note: when fei is used as a pronoun, as in the second clause, it does not contract with sei, as it does in its demonstrative usage.
habas
sinasu sei puaha keisa nei itsan ko kara, hena kei habas tsira so saa.
sinasu lava sei CVY.F puaha splatter keisa field nei RCP.F itsan cinder_cone ko ORG.N kara, FIN hena and kei ORG.F habas ignite tsira grass so CVY.N saa. FIN The lava splattered on the field from the cinder cone, and ignited the grass.
ham
diru kei tsana huu na e, kutakaranim sa kibas ham. huu nei hamra fei sa buara ata aram. e'aniin.
diru girl kei ORG.F tsana speak huu 1SG na RCP.M e, QUOT kutakaranim Kutakaranim sa CVY.M kibas breathe ham. FIN huu 1SG nei RCP.F hamra see fei DIST sa CVY.M buara volcano ata on aram. FIN e'aniin. END_QUOT The girl said to me,
The Kutakaranim exists; I saw it on the volcano.
hamra
sii ipai kutakaranim sa, tara' ka eta hamra tse na aram?
sii what ipai at kutakaranim Kutakaranim sa, CVY.M tara' 3SG ka ORG.M eta REL.SBJ hamra see tse 2SG na RCP.M aram? FIN Where is that Kutakaranim that you saw?
han
sii ipai han dirun sei?
sii what ipai at han friend diru-n gir-GEN sei? CVY.F Where is the girl's friend?
hara
tsana tara' nei. tara' sei tapa hara buara na tse ibi bata.
tsana speak tara' 3SG nei. RCP.F tara' 3SG sei CVY.F tapa walk hara now buara volcano na RCP.M tse 2SG ibi COM bata. FIN Speak to her. She will be going to the volcano with you.
haranara
kuana nei tujui haranara teke ka tu'u', tapa utu fara no bata.
kuana family nei RCP.F tujui urge haranara day_by_day teke Teke ka ORG.M tu'u', FIN tapa walk utu for_purpose_of fara Fara no RCP.N bata. FIN Day after day, Teke urged [his] family to go to the Fara.
hatse'
hatse' tara'is sa muras dafan.
hatse' hair tara'-is 3SG-PART sa CVY.M muras grey dafan. FIN His hair is filthy and grey.
hausi
hausi titiran sei tsuni huara iti ira.
hausi waterfowl titiran many sei CVY.F tsuni find huara lake iti at ira. FIN There are many waterfowl at the Lake.
he-
huu na hamra hejibin bunarin ko aram.
huu 1SG na RCP.M hamra see he-jibin PL-child bunari-n woman-GEN ko ORG.N aram. FIN I see the children of the woman.
Note: this is one place where he- would be employed, to emphasize that it was more than one child.
hefei
sii hefei so dui faan no inui?
sii what he-fei PL-DIST so CVY.N dui advance faan 1PL.INCL no RCP.N inui? FIN What are those things advancing towards us??
heibikas
jibin ka tsana huu na e, juerat! jiri heibikas sei tsuni pika kisi ira. e'aniin.
jibin child ka ORG.M tsana speak huu 1SG na RCP.M e, QUOT juerat! look jiri finger heibikas ten sei CVY.F tsuni find pika hand kisi attached_to ira. FIN e'aniin. END_QUOT The child said to me, “Look! There are ten fingers on [my] hand.”
heiniras
kuen kisi tsuni biraf heiniras sei ira.
kuen tree kisi attached_to tsuni find biraf leaf heiniras 250 sei CVY.F ira. FIN On the tree are 250 leaves.
heiranas
tun eke tsuni teihu kuen heiranas ira.
tun flank eke across tsuni find teihu ought_to_be kuen tree heiranas 1875 ira. FIN There ought to be 1875 trees on the flanks of the volcano.
Note: heiranas here is used in an approximate sense, ala “there must be hundreds of trees there”.
hena
huu sa tapa tun eke, henan da hamra buneis titiran sa aram.
huu 1SG sa CVY.M tapa walk tun flank eke, across hena and na RCP.M hamra see buneis giant_mushroom titiran many sa CVY.M aram. FIN I walked to the top of the slope and saw many giant mushrooms.
hiim
simani bunarin ka huena huu na hiim.
simani wolf bunari-n woman-GEN ka ORG.M huena sniff huu 1SG na RCP.M hiim. FIN The woman's wolf sniffed at me.
hike
juerat be huu na bei'itu, bera ka surat tse na hike.
juerat look be not huu 1SG na RCP.M bei-itu, not-FIN bera otherwise ka ORG.M surat seek tse 2SG na RCP.M hike. trouble.FIN Don't you dare look at me; or else I'll bring trouble to you!
hina
tsana ina hinan da aniin, bana utu buneis sei huu na.
tsana speak ina please hina maid na RCP.M aniin, FIN bana bring utu for_purpose_of buneis giant_mushroom sei CVY.F huu 1SG na. RCP.M Please tell the maid to bring the giant mushroom to me.
hirana
faja hiranas sei tiras huinin.
faja upper_part hirana-s stratovolcano-PART sei CVY.F tiras white huinin. FIN The top part of the stratovolcano is white (referring to the snow peak).
hiranui
san tara' sa tapa mubun nara hiranui bata.
san person tara' 3SG sa CVY.M tapa walk mubun night nara yesterday hiranui northward bata. FIN That man walked northwards yesterday (or last night).
hora
teke sa pamra hora dusa asu, sinasu sei hena husu tara' akun pusu.
teke Teke sa CVY.M pamra run hora tunnal dusa along asu, FIN sinasu lava sei CVY.F hena and husu flow tara' 3SG akun behind pusu. FIN Teke ran down the tunnel, and the lava flowed after him.
huara
huu sa tapa ina huara seira nei.
huu 1SG sa CVY.M tapa walk ina please huara lake seira serene nei. RCP.F I wish to go to the serene Lake.
huaranui
faan so tapa baran hara huaranui bata.
faan 1PL.INCL so CVY.N tapa walk baran morning hara tomorrow huaranui southward bata. FIN Tomorrow, we shall journey southwards.
huhei
huu na dutan huhei kei inin.
huu 1SG na RCP.M dutan hear huhei wind kei ORG.F inin. FIN I hear the wind.
huinin
diru tara' sei huinin kirin.
diru girl tara' 3SG sei CVY.F huinin chaste kirin. FIN That girl is chaste.
hujai
hujai imi ta puresi sei?
hujai sack imi inside ta Q puresi carrot sei? CVY.F Are the carrots in the sack?
turei hebeira so hujai na inu.
turei put_into he-beira PL-stone so CVY.N hujai sack na RCP.M inu. FIN Put the stones into the sack.
hujas
samat hujas turei pasanan da inu.
samat man hujas fifty sa CVY.M turei enter_into pasanan city na RCP.M inu. FIN Fifty men entered into the city.
huena
tara' kei huena fei no hiim, hena kei tsana e, aa! fei so punaras pehe'! aniin.
tara' 3SG kei ORG.F huena sniff fei DIST no RCP.N hiim, FIN hena and kei ORG.F tsana speak e, QUOT aa! ugh fei DIST so CVY.N punaras stink pehe'! FIN aniin. END_QUOT She sniffed at it and said, “Ugh! It stinks!”
humpa
kiran ka araf e, karinaras humpa! eraa. hesan so hena pamra itan.
kiran young_man ka ORG.M araf shout e, QUOT karinaras pyroclastic_flow humpa! FIN eraa. END_QUOT he-san PL-person so CVY.N hena and pamra run itan. FIN The young man shouted, “Pyroclastic flow!”. And the people fled.
karinaras sei hena binasu sa ei jamas misanan dei humpa.
karinaras pyroclastic_flow sei CVY.F hena and binasu mudflow sa CVY.M ei and jamas bury misanan village nei CVY.F humpa. FIN And the pyroclastic flow and mudflow buried the village.
huna
tapa aka kana huna so. mana ko jaisu' be san muras no bei'aman.
tapa walk aka away kana now huna 2PL so. CVY.N mana 1PL.EXCL ko ORG.N jaisu' greet be not san person muras grey no CVY.N bei-aman. not-FIN Go away, y'all. We do not welcome lava artists, not one bit.
husu
usu sei husu asusu imi pusu.
usu water sei CVY.F husu surge asusu river imi in pusu. FIN The water surges in the river.
hutakas
makia ka hutakas tara' na aisu.
makia enemy ka ORG.M hutakas smite tara' 3SG na RCP.M aisu. FIN The enemy smote him (bloodily).
kiapitai be huu na bei'nana, bera ka hutakas tse na aisu.
kiapitai provoke be not huu 1SG na RCP.M bei-nana, not-FIN bera otherwise ka ORG.M hutakas smite tse 2SG na RCP.M aisu. bloody.FIN Do not deride me, or else I'll beat you to a bloody pulp!
Note: kiapitai comes from kiapat,
stupid
. To provoke is to call someone stupid; and to argue is to call each other stupid. The finalizer nana implies derision.hutaran
hutaran haas, jibin ko hena araf amaa nei atan.
hutaran thunder haas, FIN jibin child ko ORG.N hena and araf cry amaa mother nei RCP.F atan. FIN Thunder rolled, and the child cried for Mother.
huun
ju'an fisei huun.
ju'an flower_pot fei-sei DIST-CVY.F huu-n. 1SG-GEN That flower pot is mine.
huu
huu sa tekekuhakirakisan.
huu 1SG sa CVY.M tekekuhakirakisan. Tekekuhakirakisan I am Tekekuhakirakisan.
huuja'a
mubun murimuun. mana ko huuja'a am.
mubun night murimuun. FIN mana 2PL.EXCL ko ORG.N huuja'a yawn am. FIN Night fell. We yawned.
i-
tara' sa san ibuaran. tara' ka tsi'ai buara na jinai.
tara' 3SG sa CVY.M san person i-buara-n. COMP-volcano-COMP tara' 3SG ka ORG.M tsi'ai love buara volcano na RCP.M jinai. FIN He is a volcano-man. He loves volcanoes.
i'ia
jibin ko araf atan. kahaa i'ia!
jibin child ko ORG.N araf cry atan. FIN kahaa loud i'ia! FIN The child's crying is very loud!
ia
jibin ka tsana e, huu ka uenai busu nei ia, e'aniin.
jibin child ka ORG.M tsana speak e, QUOT huu 1SG ka ORG.M uenai want busu milk nei RCP.F ia, FIN e'aniin. END_QUOT The boy said, I want milk.
ibi
huu sa tapa pasanan da fuan ibi bata.
huu 1SG sa CVY.M tapa walk pasanan town na RCP.M fuan wife ibi with.SBJ bata. FIN I went to town with [my] wife.
ihia
sita' nei isi arap tuitui asuenan sa, asuen sa isi pahas ihia.
sita' older_sister nei RCP.F isi because arap take tuitui top asuen-an younger_brother-GEN sa, CVY.M asuen younger_brother sa CVY.M isi CNSQ pahas angry ihia. FIN Because the older sister took the younger brother's top (the toy), the younger brother was angry.
iim
baran saan, diru sei hena saba iim.
baran morning saan, dawn.FIN diru girl sei CVY.F hena and saba awake iim. FIN Morning dawned, and the girl woke up.
ikas
bunari kei isi tuene purat sei buun ata ikas, kikia' kei isi hamra tara' nei.
bunari woman kei ORG.F isi CNSQ tuene stretch purat skin sei CVY.F buun pot ata over ikas, FIN kikia' black_fly kei ORG.F isi because hamra see tara' 1SG nei. RCP.F The woman stretched the (animal) skin over the pot, for she saw flies.
ikat
fia nei bana buneis sei ikat, hena kei kira amaa nei buneis sei esan.
fia Fia nei RCP.F bana carry buneis giant_mushroom sei CVY.F ikat, FIN hena and kei ORG.F kira give amaa mother nei RCP.F buneis giant_mushroom sei CVY.F esan. FIN Fia carried the giant mushroom, and give the giant mushroom to [her] mother.
iki
teke ka tsana amaa nei fia iki aniin.
teke Teke ka ORG.M tsana speak amaa mother nei RCP.F fia Fia iki with.OBJ aniin. FIN Teke spoke to Mother and Fia.
iko'
arap be iko' fisei, fisei tsuinitan karat ai.
arap take be not iko' egg fei-sei, DIST-CVY.F fei-sei DIST-CVY.F tsuinit-an bird-GEN karat red ai. FIN Do not pick up the egg; it belongs to the red bird.
imi
hausi sei usu imi.
hausi waterfowl sei CVY.F usu water imi. inside The duck is underwater.
imim
mubun murimuun isi, huu sa hena isi duum imim.
mubun night murimuun fall.FIN isi, because huu 1SG sa CVY.M hena and isi CNSQ duum sleep imim. FIN It is night, and so I was sleeping.
ina
tsana ina huu na tsaritas so, fei so ena hamra tse na aram.
tsana speak ina please huu 1SG na RCP.M tsaritas monkey so, CVY.N fei DiST so CVY.N ena REL.OBJ hamra see tse 2SG na RCP.M aram. FIN Please tell me about the monkey you saw.
huu na tsana ina tsaritas so aniin, fei so ena hamra tse na aram.
huu 1SG na RCP.M tsana speak ina please tsaritas monkey so CVY.N aniin, FIN fei DIST so CVY.N ena REL.OBJ hamra see tse 2SG na RCP.M aram. FIN I wish [you] would tell me about the monkey you saw.
ina'
hapas beisi tara' nei bei'karia. tara' sei isi ina' huun.
hapas harm be-isi not-CNSQ tara' 3SG nei RCP.F bei-karia. not-FIN tara' 3SG sei CVY.F isi because ina' younger_sister huu-n. 1SG-GEN Don't you dare to do any harm to her. She is my little sister.
inai
sura ina'an sei pirat inai.
sura dress ina'-an younger_sister-GEN sei CVY.F pirat yellow inai. FIN [My] little sister's dress is yellow.
inin
kuni huu nei iti'! huu na dutan inin.
kuni listen huu 1SG nei RCP.F iti'! FIN huu 1SG na RCP.M dutan hear inin. FIN Listen to me!
I hear you.
inu
turei tsat buneis sei hujai na inu. hamra be san diin no buneis kei.
turei insert tsat quick buneis giant_mushroom sei CVY.F hujai sack na RCP.M inu. FIN hamra look be not san person diin 3PL no RCP.N buneis giant_mushroom kei. ORG.F Quickly put the giant mushrooms into the sack. Don't let those people see the mushrooms!
inui
ina' nei arap tuitui asuena sa ikat, asuen sa hena aipam ina' nei inui.
ina' younger_sister nei RCP.F arap take tuitui top asuen-a younger_brother-GEN sa CVY.M ikat, FIN asuen younger_brother sa CVY.M hena and aipam chase ina' younger_sister nei RCP.F inui. FIN The younger sister took the younger brother's top, and the little brother chased the little sister.
Note: Tatari Faran doesn't like to use pronouns if repeating the noun isn't too tedious.
kauhi sei dui tiki nei inui. tiki nei paka hamra be kauhi bei'aniin.
kauhi lynx sei CVY.F dui stalk tiki rabbit nei RCP.F inui. FIN tiki rabbit nei RCP.F paka but hamra see be not kauhi lynx bei-aniin. not-FIN The lynx stalked the rabbit, but the rabbit didn't see the lynx at all.
ipai
sii ipai sita' huun sei?
sii what ipai at sita' old_sister huu-n 1SG-GEN sei? CVY.F Where is my older sister?
ira
kiran ka surat marai ipai, kaaraf hena e, huu na tsuni ira! eraa.
kiran young_man ka ORG.M surat search marai forest ipai, at ka-araf ORG.M-shout hena and e, QUOT huu 1SG na RCP.M tsuni find ira! FIN eraa. END_QUOT The young man searched in the forest and called out, I found [it]!
iranas
firasa sei iranas muin, fei sei eta arap sita' nei ikat.
firasa flower sei CVY.F iranas fragrant muin, FIN fei DIST sei CVY.F eta REL.SBJ arap take sita' older_sister nei RCP.F ikat. FIN The flower which the older sister picked was fragrant.
iraneis
sita' kei huena firasa nei hiim, henan dei fahun iraneis firasan sei uen.
sita' older_sister kei ORG.F huena sniff firasa flower nei RCP.F hiim, FIN hena and nei RCP.F fahun smell iraneis fragrance firas-an flower-GEN sei CVY.F uen. FIN The older sister sniffed the flower, and smelt the flower's fragrance.
iri
bubua titiran so tsuni fifi iri ira.
bubua boiling_mud titiran many so CVY.N tsuni find fifi geyser iri around ira. FIN Many pools of boiling mud are found in the vicinity of the geyser.
jibin meija so tsaijin buta' iri nari.
jibin child meija many so CVY.N tsaijin play buta' hut iri around nari. FIN Many children play around the house.
-is
ina' kei tsaijin pata' jibinis na su'.
ina' little_sister kei ORG.F tsaijin play pata' foot jibin-is child-PART na RCP.M su'. FIN The little sister played with the child's foot.
isa
asuen sa isi pahan ihia, isa tasa ina' nei.
asuen little_brother sa CVY.M isi CNSQ pahan angry ihia, FIN is-a because-CVY.M tasa catch ina' little_sister nei. RCP.F The little brother is angry, because he is caught by the little sister.
isei
diru kei isi suran atan, isei paritam.
diru girl kei ORG.F isi CNSQ suran cry atan, FIN is-ei because-CVY.F paritam. fall The girl cried, because she slipped and fell.
isi
san muras isi muras, jibin ko isi tsinai be tara' na bei'aman.
san person muras grey isi because muras, grey jibin child ko ORG.N isi CNSQ tsinai love be not tara' 3SG na RCP.M bei-aman. not-FIN The lava artist was dark, so the child did not like him.
isin
heriru sei kuera nari hena sei sisita isin.
he-riru PL-girl sei CVY.F kuera laugh nari FIN hena and sei CVY.F sisita chat isin. FIN The girls laughed and chatted.
iso
jibin no isi kira be busu sei, iso araf apai sa atan.
jibin child no RCP.N isi because kira give be not busu milk sei, CVY.F is-o CNSQ-N araf wail apai loud_yell sa CVY.M atan. FIN Because the child was not given milk, it wailed and yelled loudly.
ita
sinasu sei pere' fara ita ipi'.
sinasu pahoehoe_lava sei CVY.F pere' spread_over fara Fara ita on_surface_of ipi'. FIN The pahoehoe lava spread across the Fara.
itan
san tara' ka kukai jibin diin no aha'. jibin so hena pamra tara' ka itan.
san person tara' 3SG ka ORG.M kukai scare jibin child diin 3PL no RCP.N aha'. FIN jibin child so CVY.N hena and pamra run tara' 3SG ka ORG.M itan. FIN That man scared those children; and the children ran away from him.
iti
mubun nara iti hamra huu na tsaritas ko aram, fei ko ena tsuni kuen ata ira.
mubun night nara yesterday iti when hamra see huu 1SG na RCP.M tsaritas monkey ko ORG.M aram, FIN fei DIST ko ORG.N ena REL.OBJ tsuni find kuen tree ata on ira. FIN Yesterday (last night) I saw a monkey on the tree.
iti'
juerat hejibin no. diin ko kuni bunari nei iti'.
juerat look he-jibin PL-child no. RCP.N diin 3PL ko ORG.N kuni listen bunari woman nei RCP.F iti'. FIN Look at the children. They are listening to the woman.
itsan
diru tara' sei tanap itsan ata tsi.
diru girl tara' 3SG sei CVY.F tanap dwell itsan cinder_cone ata on tsi. FIN That girl lives on the cinder cone.
Note: Tatari Faran distinguishes between to live (kibas ham) and to dwell (tanap tsi). The two are not conflated as in English.
itsui
jibin tara' sei itsui pipi. tara' sei tsubi san ko mimi.
jibin child tara' 3SG sei CVY.F itsui shy pipi. FIN tara' 3SG sei CVY.F tsubi hide san person ko ORG.N mimi. FIN That child is timid. She hides from people.
itu
tara' kei juerat kiran na itu; hena nei hamra mopanai kiranan so aram.
tara' 3SG kei ORG.F juerat look kiran young_man na ORG.M itu; FIN hena and nei RCP.F hamra look mopanai ugliness kiran-an young_man-GEN so CVY.N aram. FIN She looked at the young man, and saw how ugly he was.
jaan
huu kei tsi'ai jaan na jinai.
huu 1SG kei ORG.F tsi'ai love jaan husband na RCP.M jinai. FIN I love my husband.
jain
mana so tapa kana misanan dei bata. jana makia no eipai. kibat jain.
mana 1PL.EXCL so CVY.N tapa walk kana now misanan village nei RCP.F bata. FIN jana watch makia enemy no RCP.N eipai. FIN kibat guard jain. well.FIN We (excl.) now go to the village. Watch (for) the enemy. Guard well.
jain aman
kiran kirat na kamat jibin so asusu kei sata. jain hena aman.
kiran young_man kirat tall_and_swift na RCP.M kamat rescue jibin child so CVY.N asusu river kei ORG.F sata. FIN jain well hena and aman. FIN The tall and swift young man rescued the child from the river; and so all is well.
jainan
amaa kei faisu' titi kiran na jainan jibinan kei mahan.
amaa mother kei ORG.F faisu' thank titi much kiran young_man na RCP.M jainan safety jibin-an child-GEN kei ORG.F mahan. FIN The mother thanked the young man profusely for the safety of the child.
jaisu'
bunari nei hamra han diin ko buta' ifi, hena sei tatai ifi, hena kei jaisu' diin no aman.
bunari woman nei RCP.F hamra see han friend diin 3PL ko ORG.N buta' house ifi, outside hena and sei CVY.F tatai hurry ifi, outside hena and kei ORG.F jaisu' welcome diin 3PL no RCP.N aman. FIN The woman saw (her) friends outside the house, and hurried outside and welcomed them.
jaka
usu haba sei puaha jibin no kara, jibin ko hena araf e, jaka sisa'! jaka sisa'! eraa.
usu water haba hot sei CVY.F puaha spill jibin child no RCP.N kara, FIN jibin child ko ORG.N hena and araf shout e, QUOT jaka painful sisa'! FIN jaka painful sisa'! FIN eraa. END_QUOT Hot water spilt over the child, and the child cried out,
Painful! Painful!
jamas
tapa beisi asusu nei bata, isi kei jamas humpa.
tapa walk bei-si not-CNSQ asusu river nei RCP.F bata, FIN isi because kei ORG.F jamas flood humpa. FIN Do not go to the river; for it is flooding over.
jamba
amaa tse! jamba pikas sei tsuni buta' iri ira.
amaa mother tse! VOC jamba snake pikas five sei CVY.F tsuni find buta' house iri near ira. FIN Mother! There are five snakes near the house!
jana
tsana be titi isi, makia ko isi jana huu na eipai.
tsana speak be not titi much isi, CNSQ makia enemy ko ORG.N isi because jana watch huu 1SG na RCP.M eipai. FIN Do not speak much, for the enemy is watching me.
jibin
diru kei tsinai hejibin no aman.
diru girl kei ORG.F tsinai like he-jibin PL-child no RCP.N aman. FIN The girl likes many children.
jinai
bama isi huu nei jinai, isei kana fuan tsen.
bama embrace isi CNSQ huu 1SG nei RCP.F jinai, FIN is-ei because-F kana now fuan wife tse-n. 2SG-GEN Embrace me, for I am now your wife.
jinei
tsana huu nei jinei tsen sei aniin.
tsana speak huu 1SG nei RCP.F jinei love tse-n 2SG-GEN sei CVY.F aniin. FIN Tell me of your love.
jini
juerat bunari tara' nei. tara' sei jini dam.
juerat look bunari woman tara' 3SG nei. RCP.F tara' 3SG sei CVY.F jini thin_and_tall dam. FIN Look at that woman. She is thin and tall.
jiranan
juerat jiranan sinkan ipai no. jiranan so tiras huinin.
juerat look jiranan cloud sinkan sky ipai in no. RCP.N jiranan cloud so CVY.N tiras white huinin. FIN Look at the cloud in the sky. The cloud is white.
jiranan akai
jiranan baran hara akai era, mana so tapa hara hiranan dei anan.
jiranan cloud baran morning hara tomorrow akai clear.FIN era, if mana 1PL.EXCL so tapa walk hara FUT hirana stratovolcano nei RCP.F anan. up.FIN If the clouds clear tomorrow (morning), we (excl.) will go up the stratovolcano.
jiranan murimuun
jiranan murimuun. faan so tapa beman hiranan dei anan.
jiranan cloud murimuun. enveloping.FIN faan 1PL.INCL so CVY.N tapa walk beman unable hirana stratovolcano nei RCP.F anan. FIN It is foggy. We cannot go up to the top of the stratovolcano.
jiras
san jiras sa ekas pasanan ka akan.
san person jiras one sa CVY.M ekas emerge pasanan town ka ORG.M akan. FIN One man came out from the town.
jiras sanis sa tapa misanan dei bata.
jiras one san-is person-PART sa CVY.M tapa walk misana village nei RCP.F bata. FIN The one man (lit. one among men) walked to the village.
jirat
tsira tunis so jirat tsiris.
tsira grass tun-is hillside-PART so CVY.N jirat green tsiris. FIN The hillside grass is a lush green.
jiri
sikitai be jiri huus. jaka sisa'.
sikitai pinch be not jiri finger huu-s. 1SG-PART jaka pain sisa'. FIN Don't pinch my finger. It hurts.
ju'an
bana upau heju'an sei. tukai hena ju'an nei usu sei.
bana carry upau here he-ju'an PL-container sei. CVY.F tukai fill hena and ju'an container nei RCP.F usu water sei. CVY.F Bring the containers here, and fill them with water.
juerat
juerat be kai na. tsinta tses nei hapas era karia.
juerat look be not kai sun na. RCP.M tsinta eye tse-s 2SG-PART nei RCP.F hapas harm era maybe karia. FIN Don't look at the sun; your eyes will be injured.
Note: the second clause uses
maybe
to indicate possible consequence.jui'in
sura fisei sian ta? fei sei jui'in kakat.
sura dress fi-sei DIST-CVY.F sia-n who-GEN ta? Q fei DIST sei CVY.F jui'in beautiful kakat. FIN Whose is that dress? It is beautiful.
jukasu
tapa be kapi no. jukasu sa tsuni kapi ipai ira.
tapa walk be not kapi thither no. RCP.N jukasu lava sa CVY.M tsuni find kapi there ipai at ira. FIN Don't go there. There is a'a lava.
juma
amaa tara' sei juma buha.
amaa mother tara' 3SG sei CVY.F juma well_built buha. FIN That mother is well-built.
jumba
jibin no kukai mubun nara aha'. mubun nara iti jumba tsitsin.
jibin child no RCP.N kukai scare mubun night nara PAST aha'. FIN mubun night nara PAST iti when jumba earthquake tsitsin. FIN The child was frightened last night (yesterday). Last night there was a rolling earthquake.
ka
san tse ka hamra huu na aram.
san person tse VOC ka ORG.M hamra see huu 1SG na RCP.M aram. FIN I see you, sir.
ka'am
piana' be huu na. huu na ka'am tsa.
piana' disturb be not huu 1SG na. RCP.M huu 1SG na RCP.M ka'am eat tsa. FIN Don't disturb me. I am eating.
daharai
keika'ina so daharai ka'uan. tapa be fei no.
keika'ina feral_wolf so CVY.N daharai fierce ka'uan. FIN tapa walk be not fei DIST no. RCP.N That feral wolf is fierce. Do not approach it.
kaba
amaa tse! kaba huus jaka sisa'.
amaa mother tse! VOC kaba arm huu-s 1SG-PART jaka painful sisa'. FIN Mother! My arm hurts.
kaha
keika'ina fei no bata' ka suha' ta? kaha ai!
keika'ina feral_wolf fei DIST no RCP.N bata' chief ka ORG.M suha' kill ta? Q kaha wonderful ai! yes Was that wolf killed by the chief? That's indeed wonderful!
kahaa
buara fei ka tahan era ta? fei ka mumpai kahaa arum.
buara volcano fei DIST ka ORG.M tahan erupt era maybe ta? Q fei DIST ka ORG.M mumpai rumble kahaa loud arum. FIN Will that volcano erupt? It is rumbling loudly.
kahan
feramu sei kahan tura.
feramu dough sei CVY.F kahan swell tura. FIN The dough rises.
kai
kai sa sinkan ipai.
kai sun sa CVY.M sinkan sky ipai. at The sun is in the sky.
kaira
tsana huu na kaira tsen so aniin.
tsana speak huu 1SG na RCP.M kaira venture tse-n 2SG-GEN so CVY.N aniin. FIN Tell me about your venture.
kairatuhan
tse na kairatuhan tekekuhakirakisanan so dutan ta?
tse 2SG na RCP.M kairatuhan epic tekekuhakirakisan-an Tekekuhakirakisan-GEN so CVY.N dutan hear ta? Q Have you heard of the Legends of Tekekuhakurakisan?
kaja
samat sa kaja tsunan da murimuun.
samat man sa CVY.M kaja put_on tsuna men's_clothes na RCP.M murimuun. FIN The man puts on men's clothes.
bunari sei kaja sura nei murimuun.
bunari woman sei CVY.F kaja put_on sura women's_clothes nei RCP.F murimuun. FIN The woman puts on women's clothes.
kakari
tsana be kakari so.
tsana speak be not kakari nonsense so. CVY.N Don't speak nonsense.
terep kiapan na e tsana be aniin. kakari koko.
terep order kiapan fool na RCP.M e QUOT tsana speak be not aniin. FIN kakari nonsense koko. FIN Ask the fool to stop speaking. It's pure nonsense!
kakat
juerat buun huun nei. fei sei fana kakat.
juerat look buun cauldron huu-n 1SG-GEN nei. RCP.F fei DIST sei CVY.F fana new kakat. FIN Look at my cauldron. It is brand new.
kakatan
sura dirun sei kakatan inai.
sura dress diru-n girl-GEN sei CVY.F kakatan fancy inai. FIN The girl's dress is fancy.
kakeis
hamra epan kakeis sei jiranan asa.
hamra see epan able kakeis rainbow sei CVY.F jiranan cloud asa. among The rainbow can be seen among the clouds.
kamat
kamat huu sa keika'ina ka!
kamat rescue huu 1SG sa CVY.M keika'ina feral_wolf ka! ORG.M Save me from the wolves!
kana
tapa upa' kana. tapa upau be tse sa.
tapa walk upa' away kana. now tapa walk upau to_here be not tse 2SG sa. CVY.M Go away from here now! You are not to come here!
kapa
kapa kana saipia' sa. mana ko suha' bera dunan.
kapa drop kana now saipia' spear sa. CVY.M mana 1PL.EXCL ko ORG.N suha' kill bera otherwise dunan. FIN Drop (your) spear. Otherwise we will kill you.
kapa'
diru sei sii aka? tara' sei tapa kapa' aniin.
diru girl sei CVY.F sii what aka? from tara' 3SG sei CVY.F tapa walk kapa' from_there aniin. FIN Where is the girl from? She came from over there.
kapi
ina' sei sii ipai? ina' sei kapi ipai.
ina' little_sister sei CVY.F sii what ipai? at ina' little_sister sei CVY.F kapi there ipai. at Where is little sister? She is over there.
misanan dirun sei tsuni kapi ipai ira.
misanan village diru-n girl-GEN sei CVY.F tsuni find kapi over_there ipai at ira. FIN The girl's village is over there.
kapau
tapa kapau diru tse sei.
tapa walk kapau thither diru girl tse VOC sei. CVY.F Go over there, girl!
kara
terep san tsen so e tapa upa' e'aniin. mana ko punpa bera kara.
terep order san person tse-n 2SG-GEN so CVY.N e QUOT tapa walk upa' away e'aniin. END_QUOT mana 1PL.EXCL ko ORG.N punpa pulverize bera otherwise kara. FIN Order your people to go away. Otherwise we will crush you.
parama mubun nara kara. baan tara' sei matsite' dunan.
parama violent_earthquake mubun night nara PAST kara. FIN baan old_woman tara' 3SG sei CVY.F matsite' perish dunan. FIN Last night there was an earthrending earthquake. The old lady perished.
tapa be buara fei na. mubun nara iti petsa fei ka kara; kiran sa hena matsite' dunan.
tapa walk be not buara volcano fei DIST na. RCP.M mubun night nara PAST iti when petsa explode fei DIST ka ORG.M kara; FIN kiran young_man sa CVY.M hena and matsite' perish dunan. FIN Do not go to that volcano. Yesterday, it exploded, and the young man perished.
jukasu sa puaha uba' paratis kei kara.
jukasu blocky_lava sa CVY.M puaha spill uba' rim parat-is crater-PART kei ORG.F kara. FIN Lava spills from the rim of the crater.
... More exercises coming soon.
