Hrmitt reference grammar


5.3. Fractions

Fractional quantities are expressed by an ablative construction.

er ahtat.

er
one
aht-at
two-abl

Half (1/2).

hreis hrvatat.

hreis
three
hrvat-at
five-abl

Three fifths (3/5).

When applied to nouns, a distinction is drawn between animate and inanimate nouns.

5.3.1. Inanimate Nouns

Fractional quantities of an inanimate object use the unmarked noun:

er vahtat voluŋ.

er
one
vaht-at
eight-abl
voluŋ
spaceship

One-eight (1/8) of a spaceship.

hreis sheŋtat shpaht.

hreis
three
sheŋt-at
seven-abl
shpaht.
wood

Three-sevenths (3/7) of a piece of wood.

When referring to a subset of a larger group of inanimate objects as a fraction, the 4th person plural pronominal suffix is used:

er vahtat voluŋgah.

er
one
vaht-at
eight-abl
voluŋ-ah.
spaceship-4pl

One of eight spaceships.

hreis sheŋtat shpahtah.

hreis
three
sheŋt-at
seven-abl
shpaht-ah
wood-4pl

Three of seven pieces of wood.

5.3.2. Animate Nouns

Animate nouns, however, lack a fractional construction; the referent is always a subset of a larger group:

er ahtat cheŋ.

er
one
aht-at
two-abl
cheŋ.
man

One of two men (not *half of a man!).

aht hreisat fraht.

aht
two
hreis-at
three-abl
fraht
girl

Two of the three girls (not *2/3 of a girl!).

To refer to a fraction of a singular animate noun, a periphrasis using buf "body" is employed:

er ahtat bufetcheŋ.

er
one
aht-at
two-abl
buf-et-cheŋ
body-3sg-man

Half of the man (lit. half of the man's body).

When referring to a subset of more than two animate nouns, the 3PL or 4PL pronominal suffix is employed:

hreis hrvatat cheŋgut.

hreis
three
hrvat-at
five-abl
cheŋ-ut
man-3pl

Three of the five men.

hreis hrvatat cheŋgah.

hreis
three
hrvat-at
five-abl
cheŋ-ah
man-4pl

Three out of every five men.

The prononimal suffix is obligatory on an animate noun in this case; thus, the following are considered ungrammatical by native speakers:

*hreis hrvatat cheŋ.

hreis
three
hrvat-at
five-abl
cheŋ
man

(Ungrammatical)

*shtehr vaherat fraht.

shtehr
four
vaher-at
nine-abl
fraht
girl

(Ungrammatical)