The Rectified 600-cell


The rectified 600-cell is a uniform polychoron bounded by 120 regular icosahedra and 600 octahedra. Since its cells are regular, it is also a semiregular polychoron. It has 720 cells, 720 vertices, 3600 edges, and 3600 triangles.

Perspective
projection of the rectified 600-cell

The dual of the rectified 600-cell is the joined 120-cell, one of the Catalan polychora.

Structure

The rectified 600-cell incorporates the structure of both the 120-cell and the 600-cell. Hence, we shall explore it using the same approach we use for the 120-cell and 600-cell: by means of its parallel projection.

First layer

We begin with the nearest icosahedral cell to the 4D viewpoint. We shall call this the “north pole” cell. It lies at the center of the projection envelope:

Parallel
projection of the rectified 600-cell into 3D, centered on an icosahedron

Only edges that lie on the projection envelope and on the icosahedral cell are shown, in order to reduce visual clutter.

Second layer

The 20 triangular faces of the north pole cell are joined to 20 octahedral cells. The next image shows 6 of these cells:

Parallel
projection of the rectified 600-cell, with 6 octahedral cells shown

The following image shows 7 more of these cells:

Parallel
projection of the rectified 600-cell, with 7 more octahedral cells shown

The next image includes all 20 octahedral cells:

Parallel
projection of the rectified 600-cell, with 20 octahedral cells shown

Third layer

There are 12 depressions into which another 12 icosahedra may be fitted. These icosahedra are shown in the next image:

Parallel
projection of the rectified 600-cell, with 12 more icosahedral cells
shown

Next, the exposed triangular faces of the octahedral cells are joined to 20 more octahedra, shown in the next image:

Parallel
projection of the rectified 600-cell, with 20 more octahedral cells
shown

Fourth layer

There are 30 more octahedra that may be fitted into depressions between each adjacent pair of icosahedra. These are shown below:

Parallel
projection of the rectified 600-cell, with 30 more octahedral cells
shown

Next, there are 20 more icosahedral cells that are joined to the pink triangular faces, as shown below:

Parallel
projection of the rectified 600-cell, with 20 more icosahedral cells
shown

In the gaps between the orange octahedra and the icosahedra seen here, 60 more octahedra may be fitted in. These are shown next:

Parallel
projection of the rectified 600-cell, with 60 more octahedral cells
shown

These octahedra form 12 circles of 5 octahedra each.

Fifth layer

Twelve more icosahedral cells fit nicely into each circle of 5 octahedra, as shown in the next image:

Parallel
projection of the rectified 600-cell, with yet another 12 icosahedral cells
shown

The remaining triangular faces of the 12 circles of 5 octahedra, seen here in red and orange, are joined to 60 more octahedral cells. These are shown next:

Parallel
projection of the rectified 600-cell, with yet another 12 icosahedral cells
shown

Sixth layer

Now between each pair of icosahedral cells, 60 more octahedra fit in, as shown below:

Parallel
projection of the rectified 600-cell, with 60 more octahedral cells
shown

The remaining gaps, which are now clearly seen to be octahedral, fit the last 20 octahedral cells before we reach the equator. These are added in red below:

Parallel
projection of the rectified 600-cell, with last 20 octahedral cells before we
reach the equator

Equator

We have now reached the equator. The equator consists of 30 icosahedral cells and 60 octahedral cells. The 30 icosahedral cells are shown below. For clarity, we omit the northern hemisphere cells that we've seen so far.

Parallel
projection of the rectified 600-cell, showing 30 icosahedral equatorial
cells

These cells appear as flat hexagons because they lie in the hyperplane parallel to the camera's viewpoint. Notice how they straddle the octahedral cells in the previous image.

Finally, we show the 60 octahedral cells lying on the equator in the following image. They form 12 circles of 5 octahedra each.

Parallel
projection of the rectified 600-cell, showing all equatorial cells, including
the 60 octahedra

Notice that there are triangular gaps here. These gaps are where the last 20 octahedral cells in the sixth layer, shown earlier in red, join with their corresponding counterparts in the southern hemisphere.

The Southern Hemisphere

From this point onwards, the arrangement of cells perfectly mirrors the structure of the northern hemisphere cells, in reverse order, until we reach the south pole icosahedral cell.

Summary

Counting the cells in each of the layers, we have:

Region Layer Octahedra Icosahedra
Northern hemisphere 1 0 1
2 20 0
3 20 12
4 30+60=90 20
5 60 12
6 60+20=80 0
Subtotal 270 45
Equator 60 30
Southern hemisphere 6 80 0
5 60 12
4 90 20
3 20 12
2 20 0
1 0 1
Subtotal 270 45
Grand total 600 120

Perspective Projection

Here's a perspective projection of the rectified 600-cell from a slightly different viewpoint:

Perspective
projection of the rectified 600-cell

The nearest icosahedral cell is shown in purple while the other icosahedral cells are shown in yellow; the octahedral cells are in transparent green.

Coordinates

The Cartesian coordinates of the rectified 600-cell, centered on the origin and having edge length 2, are all permutations of coordinates and all changes of sign of:

along with all even permutations of coordinates and all changes of sign of:

where φ=(1+√5)/2 is the Golden Ratio.

Related Polychora

The high degree of symmetry of the rectified 600-cell masks very interesting subsymmetries within it; a particular CRF diminishing of it, the swirlprismatodiminished rectified 600-cell, exhibits a fascinating swirling substructure of 32 rings of cells that corresponds with the discrete partitioning of the Hopf fibration of the 4D sphere according to the structure of the icosidodecahedron.


Last updated 26 Jul 2024.

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